Immigration The Guest Worker Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration The Guest Worker Program - Essay Example Yet there are jobs within certain sectors that are not very attractive to many, but immigrants will take what they can get. In other words, they will do the jobs that many won't do. The United State's guest worker program has modeled itself largely after the European guest worker program. The European system has failed in many different areas. The European program began hiring workers within their guest worker program after World War II and these guest workers never returned home, therefore they became permanent. This scenario seems to be the expectation of President Bush's guest worker program in the United States. The research that has been conducted on the European system has more or less been ignored and will result in a large pool of immigrants with very few legal rights that would make our current problems grow (Unknown). The failures in the French guest worker program resulted in the Parisian riots in 2005. These riots were the results of young people who were the "leftovers" of the French guest worker program and their neighborhoods consistent of poverty and large numbers of the unemployed. They needed to be pushed into the French mainstream rather than be placed upon the backburner and ignored (Unknown). Where the United States used to be considered the place where dreams were made. It was said that any man could achieve anything as long as he could work for it, but the guest worker program could or could not make this possible. Men used to be able to work for everything they had whether they were born in the United States or not and this is what immigrants are hoping for (Unknown). This makes the guest worker program a very important debate. Again, where the United States has always been viewed as the land where dreams come true, immigrants want to have that chance just like many immigrants before them did. They want to improve their lives, but the guest worker program could result in these immigrants breaking laws in order to try and achieve more freedoms and illegally stay here. One significant problem is that currently, there are employers within the United States who take advantage of illegal immigrants by paying them low wages. They are feeding off of the fact that the illegal immigrant wants to be within the United States that bad. Many of these illegal immigrants fear that they are going to be deported when asked to verify documentation. Instead of raids being held in which the immigrant must produce documentation that they are in the United States legally, Bush states that better border patrol needs to be implemented to keep them from entering the United States to begin with (USCIS). This is one issue that President Bush is hoping the guest worker program will eliminate. Yet, unless border security is significantly amped up, certain rules within the guest worker program will backfire. The guest worker would be required to register and pay a possible fee. This fee would depend on whether or not the immigrant currently resides within the country or is living outside of the country. They will then be given a temporary worker card. There are other aspects such as Bush working closely with the foreign governments to make sure incentives existed for the foreign worker to make them return to their home country. Bush also proposes that the credit

Attitudes and Behaviors Essay Example for Free

Attitudes and Behaviors Essay So let’s start by saying that attitudes have two main components those happen to be beliefs and values. Beliefs are statements while values are judgments. When it comes to persuasion a person might have their own attitude and have it rub off so to speak onto another person or several other people. We tend to use this on a daily basis for things that we want whether that be for ourselves or from other people. When it comes to conformity many individuals will change their behaviors to fit in with other people that they involve themselves with. This could potentially mean that you could lose your own identity and become someone completely different from whom you truly are. When it comes to bias we are all wired to have judgments and prejudice many times people will use this judgment and have a set attitude on people, places and things. Only people can change their behaviors. Psychologists define attitudes as a learned tendency to view things in certain ways. This can include people. Places, issues and events that occur in a person’s life. Attitudes form from the experiences that you go through, they could direct from personal experiences or from the observation of other individuals. Attitudes can be learned in several different ways. Classical conditioning can impact your attitude to different products. Operant conditioning can also help in how attitudes are developed. When someone you like has a different attitude your attitude more than likely will change to be the same as the other individual. Researchers have come to the belief and conclusion that people behave according to their attitudes under a lot of circumstances. Cognitive dissonance is when an individual experiences, psychological stress caused by conflicts from thoughts and beliefs in a person’s everyday life whether that be from work, relationships, money problems. In order to gain back control people often change their attitudes based on actual behaviors. Attitudes can change just like people can. You can turn your thought process around just  like you can with many other things. Classical conditioning can create positive emotional reactions. Operant conditioning can be used to strengthen attitudes and behaviors that you are lacking or that are weak. People can also see how negative people act and decide that they don’t want to be that way and that can drastically change a person’s mind on how they think. Life events such as death, sickness, relationship loses and other important things can make a person realize what they have and what they need to be grateful for but also can help them understand their thought patterns were incorrect and that they need to change that in order to have a better life for not only themselves but the people that they associate themselves with. The theory of persuasion says that people can alter their personal attitudes in two ways. They can be motivated to listen and to think about what is being said to them which can make them open up to different ideas and thoughts or they could simply be influenced by good positive people that they are around on a daily basis. In order to change a individual s behavior you must change your thought process completely. http://www.examiner.com/article/bias-attitude-and-prejudice http://www.cios.org/encyclopedia/persuasion/Aintroduction_4nature.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/socialinfluence/f/conformity.htm

Physics of Lightning Essay -- physics lightning thunder weather

In ancient times, lightning was seen as a tool of the gods. In Viking legend, it was Thor’s hammer striking an anvil in the sky that was responsible for lightning. For the Greeks, it was Zeus who threw lightning down to the earth. North American Indian tribes thought that lightning was produced by a mystical bird with flashing feathers whose flapping caused thunder. Even now, hundreds of years after the first scientific work with lightning, people remain in awe of its power. In the 18th century, the first systematic scientific study of lightning was carried out by Benjamin Franklin. Before Franklin’s experiments, electrical science had grown to the point of separating positive and negative charges, and had developed primitive capacitors. The sparks produced in laboratories were noted as similar to lightning, but it was Franklin who designed an experiment to prove that lightning was electrical. Benjamin Franklin believed that clouds must be electrically charged, which would mean that lightning must also be electrical. For his first experiment, he stood on an electrical stand with an iron rod in one hand to achieve an electrical discharge between the other hand and the ground. If Franklin’s belief that the clouds were electrically charged was correct, then sparks should leap between the iron rod and a grounded wire held by and insulating wax candle. This test method was published in London and performed in both England and France. Thomas Francois D’Alibard of France was the first to successfully perform this experiment in May of 1752, when sparks were seen jumping from the iron rod during a thunderstorm. Before Benjamin Franklin achieved results from his first experiment, he devised a better way of testing his hyp... ...wave). Lightning is often seen long before its thunder is heard. This is because sound travels at about 343 m/s though air, much more slowly than 3.00x108 m/s, the speed of light. While a lightning strike takes less than a second to complete, the sound of its thunder often lasts much longer. There are many reasons for this. The shape of the lightning bolt is a major factor, as all parts are not an equal distance from the listener. Sound produced by closer portions of the bolt will be the first of the thunder a listener hears, and sound produced by portions of the bolt that are farther away will be heard later. Another factor is that objects on the ground interfere with the sound, and echoes from hills and other objects can perpetuate thunder. Often lightning occurs in groups, so the sounds from multiple bolts sometimes overlap to cause longer lasting thunder.

Psychological gambling Essay

Abstract: Few studies have explored the relationship between gambling and health status. Both compulsive and pathological gambling are disorders related to obsession-compulsive disorder. The data supports the notion that gambling does affect with non-gambling health problems. The purpose of this article is to provide the information between gambling behaviors and substance use disorders, health associations, screening and treatment options for problem and pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is an addictive and stress proposing disorder. More research is needed to investigate directly the biological and health relations associated with the different types of gambling behaviors and to define the role for doctors or therapists in the prevention and treatment of problem and pathological gambling. There are many types of gambling that people indulge in today. People of all ages have been seduced by gambling. Gambling is done every day, so as it continues to grow, so does the debt of the American people. Attractions such as online casinos with jackpots equivalent to ten years salary and simple sports booking, makes it more common today than it was yesterday. Gambling is hard to resist because it offers a feeling of hope, and defines that thin line between reality and fantasy that ends with a mental payoff. The main question with this concern is; is it all about the money? It couldn’t be all about the money, unless the general public was extremely stupid. The odds of winning the lottery are lesser than the odds of someone being struck by lightning (1 in 649,739) or than someone being killed by a terrorist attack abroad (1 in 650,000). (7). It has been said, â€Å"If you bought 100 tickets a week your entire adult life, from the age of 18 to 75, you’d have a 1 percent chance of winning the lottery†. (7) Now, a number of psychological studies have been done which indicate that the desire to play the lottery has more to do with the inability or unconcern of a person to calculate the total sum of their own money over time spent of these dollar tickets. The hope and fantastic feeling they receive is worth more than the dollar they give the 7-11 clerk at that time. Casino games create a different sensation. Whether it be cards, slots, or dice games after being seated in front of it for an hour or two there will generally be a win, some kind of win. Usually that win is small. It serves the person, or the brain, with a sort of reward. The reward entices the person to want to continue their game so to get another reward (7). The basis for this affirmative award is biological. Research done at the Massachusetts General Hospital has showed similar brain activity induced by prize money to food and drug rewards. The scientists measuring this brain activity compared it with giving a cocaine addict an infusion of cocaine. (2) An experiment was set up wherein the brain activity of the subjects was measured while they gambled. â€Å"Each subject was offered one of three spinners: a ‘good spinner’ offered them a chance to earn $10, $2. 50, or nothing; an ‘intermediate spinner’ offered $2. 50, $0, or -$1. 50; and a ‘bad spinner’ let them win nothing or lose, -$1. 50 or -$6. † (3) The brain activity was measured with a high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging, otherwise known as an fMRI, while they were spinning for six seconds and after then after they had spun. The results showed that the brain activity proved to be strong, moderate, and low in accordance with the level of spinning – good, intermediate and bad. The proportions always demonstrated the expected brain activity. The scientists performing this experiment came to the conclusion that money serves as the same type of reward to humans as does drugs and food; it sets into motion a reward mechanism in the brain providing relative stimulus to the amount of reward or loss which is taking place. â€Å"The similarity suggests that a common brain circuitry is used for various types of rewards. â€Å"(3) Considering the conclusion of this experiment to be true, there still remains an unsettling question pertaining to gambling and brain circuitry. Why do some people gamble more than others? At first I searched for some demographic conclusions to support a hypothesis that some group of people gambled more than others. However, there simply isn’t much discrimination when it comes to gambling. The National Opinion Research Center, a government based study, showed that there is no gender gap in terms of gambling: the 1998 statistic showed 49% women and 51% men gamble in general. (1) The consensus showed that all different ages gamble. Some specifications were made like people between thirty and sixty tended to gamble with more money than the younger and older, but that seems natural because that range probably gains the most salary. It also specified that those under eighteen tended to play less in casino, lottery and horse races but that is because they were not allowed in. Thus, those under eighteen were showed to make more wagers outside of a gambling facility than the other age groups. Depending on the game, there seemed to be a pretty even distribution of race among gamblers. The bottom line being; the desire to gamble does not depend on any specific background or gender or age or culture. It depends on the human desire to gain monetary pleasure, to get something for little to nothing, to be rewarded via dollars rather than food or drugs. The demographic statistics and equalities listed above still do not account for why some crave gambling more than others. Distinctions have been made among gamblers. The categories are as follows: non-gambler, low-risk gambler, at-risk gambler, problem gambler and pathological gambler. (1) The desire to gamble becomes increasingly more prevalent and obsessive as the levels progress. A pathological gambler, according to the DSM-IV criteria is constantly preoccupied with gambling, increases the amounts of money spent over time on gambling so not to achieve a tolerance, cannot stop gambling, gambles as an escape, attempts to ‘break even’ after having lost money, lies constantly to friends and family about gambling, sometimes commits illegal acts to support gambling, risks significant relationships, jobs, or education for gambling, and uses the financial help of others to be ‘bailed out’ of some situation caused by gambling. (1) Why are these people so obsessed with gambling that it takes over their lives? It has been hypothesized that pathological gamblers have dysfunctional reward pathways. â€Å"When the pathways function correctly, one important result is a release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that can stimulate pleasurable feelings. † Pathological gamblers have been proven to have lower activity in an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters. This may create a problem for serotonin distribution. Also, researchers have identified a greater amount of certain genetic configurations in pathological gamblers, a variation which may be responsible for the deficient reward pathway. (4) The medication prescribed to some of these pathological gamblers who were tested increased their serotonin levels and seemed to have positive effects in the way of their resisting the urge to gamble. Many equate the pathological desire to gamble with a problem in the decision-making area of the brain, a constant lapse in judgment so to speak. The areas of the brain associated with the decision-making process are the middle frontal, inferior frontal and orbital gyrus. (4) While this neurological analysis may offer some understanding to why people gamble for reward purposes, it does not explain the bigger relationship between human beings and gambling. Gambling does not necessarily need to involve money; it can instead be translated to a risk. People gamble everyday whether it be the tasting of a new food or skipping an important business meeting. It seems that gambling is a part of life necessary to perpetuate the human species. Diversification, a part of natural life, involves adapting to different environments and niches. Say a bee only acquired nutrients from one specific flower, never venturing out to samples other types of pollen, what would happen? Suppose one winter that specific type of flower failed to survive, or some sort of spontaneous extinction occurred, all the bees who fed off this flower would become extinct as well. The same sort of thing may occur if a person moved to a different country, wherein the food looked completely different. In order to stay alive, that person would have to take a chance on a new type of diet. Human beings, as well as a majority of the remaining Animal Kingdom are inclined to diversify and adapt to new surroundings in order to stay strong and able to perpetuate their species. The same notion of adaptation for survival applies to drastic temperature changes and the effect it has on the body. (5) â€Å"Although shell temperature is not regulated within narrow limits the way internal body temperature is, thermoregulatory responses do strongly affect the temperature of the shell, and especially its outermost layer, the skin. † The temperature of the environment is directly related to the thickness of this shell. If the shell is needed to conserve heat, it may expand to a several centimeters underneath the skin’s surface, however, if the environment is warm, then the shell will tend to only be about one centimeter thick. This shell of warmth protects people in the case that they wish to change environmental settings, or so the same species can survive in all different locations. The complex nature of the human body responds well to their desire to gamble, to diversify, to extend their minds and risk. Whether it be monetary, behavioral or just plain desire to risk, humans are drawn towards the new and the chancy.It is the danger of loss and the thrill of life that keeps us breathing. Works Consulted: 1)Alvarez,A. The Biggest Game in Town. New York: Chronicle Books, 2002. 2)Brunson,Doyle. Doyle Brunson’s Super System. Cardoza Pub, 1979. 3)Dostoeyevsky,Fyodor. The Gambler. New York: Viking Press, 1966. 4)http://www. norc. uchicago. edu/new/gamb-fin. htm 5)http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2001/05/010524062100. htm 6)http://www. sciam. com/article. cfm? articleID=0004400A-E6F5-1C5E-B882809EC588ED9F 7)http://www. gnxp. com/MT2/archives/001309. html 8)http://www. reflection-idea. com/psychics. html.

Nonverbal Communication Codes Essay

1. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? Why are you looking at me? Is the nonverbal message that I would take from the woman with the bad tan. 2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? I believe the nonverbal message in this image is Affect Displays. A woman with an obvious bad tan seems as though she has a negative reaction to the gentleman that’s doing a double take, looking at her. Her facial expression has a look of irritation from the staring 3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? It is hard to determine the effect on the other people that is in the image; however, I suppose the people that are around them that saw the interaction should’ve felt the awkwardness as well. It would be obvious that the signal would be not to get involved and to look away. 4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? Smiling or showing a friendly face and eye contact should have been made to reduce the feeling of inadequacy or awkwardness. 1. What cultural barriers are seen in this image? I believe the gentleman is focused on the group of woman because he is trying to figure out their dress and culture because it is different than his. 2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? I feel like the type of nonverbal communication codes that is being used is Affect Displays and Regulators. The gentleman’s posture is used to communicate his emotion and his posture asked the question, â€Å"what are you are doing, and why you dressed that way?† This is an example of the affect Displays because his posture is showing emotions. The other code that is then displayed is the regulator because he is giving eye contact to the group with a facial expression, and open mouth or raised eyebrow, trying to get the group’s attention. 3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? The effect that each person has in the image is of non-affect. No one has notice the gentleman’s non-verbal communication methods. Either no one sees it, or he is being ignored, based off of the individuals in the picture. 4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? The nonverbal communication skills and strategies that can be used to communicate effectively in this situation were simply being a friendly face and smile to show no threat. Also, if the gentleman was really serious, he should have stopped and face the group that he was trying to get their attention 1. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? The nonverbal message in this image says that there are still places in Asia where smoking continues to be allowed in some public places; and, smoking is a popular thing to do. 2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? The nonverbal communication code that is used to deliver this message is the Adapters. Adapters are nonverbal behaviors that help you satisfy personal needs and adapt to the immediate situation or surroundings. 3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? The effect that being an adapter in this image has on other people in the image I believe is that smoking is addictive and if one person smokes a cigarette and you are a smoker thing you will want a cigarette as well. 4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? I am not a smoker; I would either leave the room or show displeasure from secondhand smoke. 1. What cultural barriers can be seen in this image? 2. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? 3. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? 4. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? 5. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? 1. What cultural barriers can be seen in this image? The cultural barriers in this image can be defined as business people who are possibly on their way to work on being a know it annoyed by a woman on her cell phone, not paying attention to where she’s going. 2. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? In this image, the people display a busy, business like image. The affect display can be displayed through their posture, and by putting little expression on their faces. It is almost as if it is a hostile rush to get where they’re going. 3. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? The nonverbal communication codes that can be displayed from this image is the Affect Display. 4. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? It seems as though the people in this image are annoyed by the woman was talking on her cell phone and not paying attention to where she’s going or having a very loud conversation. 5. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? Lady, please hang up the phone and watch where you’re going.

An Introduction to Korsakoffs Syndrome

An Introduction to Korsakoffs Syndrome Korsakoff’s syndrome is a memory disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine, or vitamin B1, in the body. It is usually characterized by amnesia, disorientation, apathy, and confabulation – a condition in which a person reports events that never happened. Korsakoff’s syndrome is commonly associated with prolonged alcohol misuse. Effects of Thiamine Deficiency on the Body Thiamine is critical to the health of living organisms. It serves as a  cofactor  for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.  These  enzymes  help produce chemicals needed for generating important  molecules  for the body, such as those that help give cells energy and others that are crucial to building protein. Thus, a lack of thiamine can interfere with many of the body’s processes and lead to  cellular death. Although thiamine is essential for the body, the body does not produce thiamine on its own, and only stores a small amount of thiamine (about 30 mg) at one time. The body can deplete this small store of thiamine in only a few weeks if thiamine is not ingested. When combined with alcohol misuse, thiamine deficiency can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb and transport additional amounts of thiamine. For example, liver damage can reduce how much thiamine can be stored in the body. Furthermore, the transport of thiamine through several parts of the body, like the  blood-brain barrier, can be impaired. These sites would then require even more thiamine to function normally. Neuropsychology of Korsakoffs Syndrome Thiamine deficiency affects several brain regions involved in  episodic memory. These areas, which include structures in the  limbic system  such as the  hippocampus, are responsible for the coding, storage, and retrieval of memories related to specific events. Other memory systems can also be affected by thiamine deficiency,  including autobiographical memory, which combines memories of personal experiences (episodic memory) with general knowledge about the world (autobiographical knowledge). Another area that can be damaged is implicit learning, which is the knowledge that one learns without being aware of it, like the motor skills involved in riding a bike. Though researchers have emphasized the role of memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome, its symptoms often include impairments in executive functions, like reasoning and speech, which are associated with the  frontal lobes  of the brain. For example, confabulation – which is a main characteristic of the syndrome – may involve both memory and the frontal lobes. This has led some researchers to postulate that neurotoxicity resulting from alcohol would primarily affect the frontal lobes of the brain, and occur alongside thiamine deficiency, which affects memory – though this hypothesis has been debated. Causes of Korsakoffs Syndrome Though Korsakoff’s syndrome is commonly associated with alcohol misuse, the condition is not necessarily caused by alcohol. Other causes of Korsakoff’s syndrome include poor nutrition, anorexia, and surgical procedures that are performed to induce weight loss – which can lead to a deficiency of thiamine in the body. TheWet Brain â€Å"Wet brain,† or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, describes individuals who develop both Korsakoff’s syndrome and Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to  alcohol misuse. In cases of wet brain, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which is characterized by imbalance, confusion, and double vision, occurs  first. Wernicke’s encephalopathy occurs suddenly but its symptoms are often reversible with thiamine treatments. Korsakoff’s syndrome occurs more slowly, and its symptoms are typically irreversible. Around 85 percent of individuals with Wernicke’s encephalopathy develop Korsakoff’s syndrome. Theoretical Explanations There are two distinct theoretical explanations for Korsakoffs syndrome: the continuity hypothesis and the dual-process model. The continuity hypothesis for Korsakoff’s syndrome states that there is a continuum of increasingly worsening cognitive and neurophysiological symptoms, such as memory loss, that can result from alcohol misuse. This continuum extends from individuals who are dependent on alcohol but do not have any complications to those with Korsakoff syndrome. This suggests that Korsakoff’s syndrome is a more severe consequence of alcohol dependence, though worse conditions do not necessarily correlate to a more pronounced drinking history. However, studies testing the continuity hypothesis have mostly focused on memory, with little evidence for other impairments that are also observed in Korsakoff’s syndrome. The dual-process model states that cognitive processes like decision-making utilize one of two systems: the â€Å"reflective system,† in which an individual deliberates a decision before making one, and the â€Å"automatic-affective system,† in which someone impulsively acts. The reflective system is associated with the prefrontal lobes, while the automatic-affective system mostly concerns the limbic system. Normally, these two systems work together to ensure that someone is making coherent decisions. However, this balance may be disrupted in someone who is addicted to alcohol. They have a more active automatic-affective system, which leads to more impulsive behavior, and a less active reflective system, which means those impulsive behaviors are less likely to be inhibited. Though this model may be of relevance to Korsakoff’s syndrome, it has mostly been tested on people who have recently recovered from an alcohol addiction and do not have Korsakoff’s syndrome. The model should be validated through further study. Korsakoffs Syndrome Key Takeaways Korsakoff’s syndrome, which is commonly associated with the misuse of alcohol, is a long-term consequence of thiamine deficiency. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is an essential vitamin for the body to function.The syndrome is mostly characterized by deficits in memory, though it affects other functions of the brain as well.Models have been postulated to explain Korsakoff’s syndrome, but the models still require further study. Sources â€Å"Autobiographical memory.† In Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, 2008, pp. 893-909.Brion, M., D’Hondt, F., Davidoff, D., and Maurage, P. â€Å"Beyond cognition: Understanding affective impairments in Korsakoff syndrome.† Emotion Review, vol. 8, no. 4, 2016, pp. 376-384.Brion, M., Pitel, A., Beaunieux, H., and Maurage, P. â€Å"Revisiting the continuum hypothesis: toward an in-depth exploration of executive functions in Korsakoff syndrome.† Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 8, 2014.Cornell University. â€Å"Thiamine biochemistry.†Martin, P., Singleton, C., and Hiller-Sturmhà ¶fel, S. â€Å"The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease.†McCormick, L., Buchanan, J., Onwuameze, O., Pierson, R., and Paradiso, S. â€Å"Beyond alcoholism: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in patients with psychiatric disorders.† Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 24, no. 4, 2011, pp. 209-216Thomson, A., Guerrini, I., and Ma rshall, E. â€Å"The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff’s syndrome.† Neuropsychology Review, vol. 22, no. 2, 2012, pp. 81-92.

APA Thesis

APA Thesis APA Thesis APA ThesisIf you have an assignment to write an APA thesis, you should start with conducting a sufficient research. APA thesis writing is not easy, especially if you have no research skills while the assignment deadline is approaching very quickly. This article is written with the purpose to give you several tips on APA thesis formatting. APA Thesis TipsAPA thesis must be composed in Standard American English, and papers set up as 8 x 11 documents, double-spaced, in 12-point type legible font (such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Georgia), or in 10- or 11-point legible font (such as Verdana) with 1-inch margins. Thesis should to be formatted in APA style (see A Writers Reference, APA/CMS tab) and apastyle.org/ (This site is devoted to APA Style and includes free style tips and excerpts from the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual). Some other helpful links are: APA Formatting and Style Guide (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/) and APA Overview and Works hop (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/664/01/) Sources are to be noted and documented in APA style only, using parenthetical references, and verified in an accurate Reference page. Do not use MLA or End Note style! Final thesis that is not correctly documented with an accurate Reference page, and with parenthetical references within the paper that connect to sources on the Reference page will receive a failing grade. Use only the third person (he/she/it and they) in all writing assignments for this class. Follow the specific Resource for all other class writing assignments. First voice (I/we) and second voice (you) is not used in academic writing. Exceptions are when first or second voice is part of a quote or necessary dialogue. This link may provide more information on the subject: Using Appropriate Language Use an appropriate formal style and voice for academic writing. Contractions (cant, isnt, wont, etc.) may work in less formal non-academic pieces, but are not acceptable in academic writing. This link may prove helpful: Using Appropriate Language (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/608/01/) Thesis writer should avoid most errors in grammar and mechanics (spelling, punctuation, etc.). It is suggested that writers review any grammar/correction/mechanics weaknesses in the text A Writers Reference and the accompanying exercise book before and during the proof-reading/editing of a thesis. A final essay with more than three errors on a page will be limited to a grade of C or less. Writers should proofread all writing carefully before turning in an assignment of any kind. Writers are encouraged to review all stages of the writing with computer spelling and grammar check. APA Thesis: Final NotesResearch and note-taking are integral absolutes of academic writing. No matter how knowledgeable you think you are about a subject, your thesis will benefit from your reading and applying information from other credible sources . This is a very important pre-writing/planning part of the Writing Process. Research and responsible documentation crediting the research in your thesis are essential to academic writing. You should not turn in a Final Copy of an Essay for any class unless you have applied research to the subject matter/contents, cited the research correctly (APA Style) in your thesis, and included a Reference page (APA Style) that lists all sources that were used (and cited) in the thesis.

The Best Health Care Jobs in California With No 4 Year Degree Required

The Best Health Care Jobs in California With No 4 Year Degree Required California is expected to have a pretty large shortage of health care workers by 2025. Many of these positions are a lower level that does not require a bachelor’s degree. So whether you’re looking to fall into the health care industry or you’re already firmly entrenched in it, Cali may be a great place for you to find a health care job, especially if you only have your associates degree.Here are some of the best jobs health care jobs in California for people without a bachelor’s degree. You can refer to the infographic for more information.1.  Diagnostic Medical Sonographer  2.  Registered Nurse3.  Medical Assistant4.  Medical Billing Specialist  5.  Pharmacy Technician  6.  Respiratory Therapist  7.  Surgical TechnologistSource: [sjvc.edu]

Solar Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Solar Energy - Research Paper Example ss of the lost radiation, the solar energy that reaches the surface of the Earth is 10,000 times the energy used by the people (Solar energy in McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2004). The radiation which is scattered when it collides with gas molecules is termed diffuse radiation, whereas the portion that directly reaches the Earth’s surface is termed direct radiation. Clouds play an important role in the scattering of radiation and hence reduce direct radiation by 80 – 90%. Global radiation is defined as the total radiation, including the diffuse and direct radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface (Solar energy in McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2004). Extensive research is being carried on the utilization of solar energy; and the chief aim is to develop technology and discover efficient ways to capture the low-density solar energy, and convert it to a form that would be useful. In addition, forms of energy, such as wind energy, biomass energy, hydro power and thermal energy that derive from solar energy, promise to generate clean forms of energy. At present, with the sole exception of hydropower, none of these forms of energy are being employed to any significant extent (Solar energy in McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2004). Sources of energy that do not get exhausted and can be replenished are known as renewable sources of energy. Most of the renewable energy systems that are in use rely either directly or indirectly on solar energy. The direct sources include tapping the heat and light of the sun, whereas the indirect sources are wave power, hydroelectric power, and wind turbines (Renewable energy in Illustrated Dictionary of Science, Andromeda, 1988). With growing awareness, regarding the ill effects and the limitations of fossil fuels, which will eventually be totally consumed, there is a sustained effort to change over to a more eco – friendly economy that is

POLITICS OF KNOWLEDGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

POLITICS OF KNOWLEDGE - Essay Example cesses based upon divine or supernatural intervention.1 For instance, earliest humans attributed floods, famines, and other natural occurrences to spirits and the fact that they were otherwise frustrated or angry with their behavior. However, with the advent of the scientific revolution, identifiable and statistically measurable metrics were provided that helped the average individual to understand the fact that they live in a rational and bounded universe; bounded to science and the processes that it involves. As a function of seeking to understand this scientific revolution to a more demonstrable degree, the following discussion will be based upon how rationalist and empirical epistemologists facilitated a fundamental shift from divine human-based knowledge. Firstly, and perhaps most importantly, the individuals involved within shifting epistemology towards a human-based knowledge most essentially affected the means by which stakeholders within society sought to question the status quo.2 For centuries, the church had held unchecked authority over the way in which individuals understood the world around them. To a varying degree, the overall level to which individuals sought to question this authority was relatively limited. However, with the advent of the scientific revolution, stakeholders within society, although all classes, were encouraged to question the status quo and consider whether or not scientific merit provided a rational and reasonable explanation for the processes and beliefs that they had so long been led to engage with. A secondary manner by which rationalist attempted to provide a fundamental shift from divine to human-based knowledge is with regard to the way in which they sought to use identifiable numbers and processes as a function of proving a particular point. Naturally, this is the very cornerstone of science; however, in centuries past, the league and dictated as the final understanding of whether or not a particular process or

Christian Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Christian Counseling - Essay Example This is the reason why church counseling had been given birth. The issues that could be addressed by individuals towards the church are not limited. The fact that the authorities of the church are believed to have been continuously assisted by God in all their ways, it could not be denied that the assistance they provide believing individuals is indeed practical and applicable. People spend millions of dollars on self-help books and professional counseling. While the advice thus found may sometimes be helpful, a Christian's faith leads him to a far better source of aid. Says James: "So, if any one of you is lacking in wisdom, let him keep on asking God, for he gives generously to all and without reproaching; and it will be given him. But let him keep on asking in faith, not doubting at all, for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea driven by the wind and blown about." (James 1:5,6) A Christian's faith is the guarantee that such divine aid will be provided. He has no hesitancy about approaching God in this way, for 'he has this freeness of speech and an approach with confidence through his faith in [Christ].'(Ephesians 3:12) True, the degree that professional counselors garnered from their respective universities cannot be denied to have a certain level of high standard when it comes to dealing with individuals who are having problems of different sorts. However, this truth cannot also be denied of the fact that their counseling procedures are based upon the capability of humans to resolve their issues. How the Church Handles Counseling On the contrary, the church relies on the most powerful source of knowledge and practical counsel, the Bible. Admittedly, the direction God gives people can at times seem difficult, perhaps even impossible-to implement. Abraham, for example, received God's promise that he and his wife were to have a son. Considering the fact that their reproductive powers were 'dead,' attempting to have this child seemed futile. Yet, says Paul: "Although [Abraham] did not grow weak in faith, he considered his own body, now already deadened, as he was about one hundred years old, also the deadness of the womb of Sarah. But because of the promise of God he did not waver in a lack of faith, but became powerful by his faith, giving God glory and being fully convinced that what he had promised he was also able to do." (Romans 4:19-21) From Abraham's example, it could be noted that the only thing needed to have fine results from the Church's way of counseling is to have faith that these particular guidance assistances could lead to the betterment of the situations that each individual deals with at present. While God is not at this time performing such direct miracles, Christians today find

DB 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB 3 - Research Paper Example There is a possibility of having a leader from different country go to work at a different state, thus calls for considerations on the way such leaders will navigate through their respective cultures and adopt the culture of the land. Senior leaders in any organization are most likely to determine the culture of which the organization follows since they are the ones with power to make decisions (Sinha, 2008). However, the United Nations has its own culture of which it expects any other leader to obey and follow the same standards. China has a very different culture from that of the USA, as well as India. For instance, USA is more of modernized with even a different approach in the dressing code. This implies that a leader from India working in the USA has at least to adopt the dressing standards of the USA. The same case will apply to a USA citizen working in China, since the culture of the land is subject to uphold. However, the organization requires to reach an agreement with the culture of the land to be a bit lenient on what they expect foreigners to perform so that it can give an apple ground for an individual to balance his/her culture with the culture of the land he/she is working at that moment. This is t he only way of ensuring that really an organization achieves its roles, as leaders from any country will have an ample time and environment of performing duties

Basic Flight Physiology (By Richard O. Reinhart) Essay - 1

Basic Flight Physiology (By Richard O. Reinhart) - Essay Example My mother is afraid of planes and says that in the plane she has claustrophobia. Like the person described by Richard Reinhart, she drinks coffee and smokes cigarettes in order to improve her state. But this is a mistake. Coffee increases mental stress, therefore in order to prevent the stress before the flight it is necessary to have a nice sleep, rest and nice diet (Reinhart, 1996). 2. The decision making process is very essential because it is closely connected with proper flight risk evaluation. Here I would like to analyze the situation that in which the pilot is to decide, if to make a very important flight in not corresponding weather. In order to avoid poor decision made in the state of stress or any other state, it is necessary to use risk-assessment model. The four elements of the suggested model will help to assess the situation and make right decision: All four elements should be accessed and combined to build the whole situation and make the proper decision. The application of an appropriate decision making model can help make a right decision in difficult situation. Poor decisions are the result of wrong situation assessment ((Reinhart, 1996). 3. Payne Stewart flight resulted in a mishap first of all because of poor aircraft maintenance that is the second element of the suggested model. Cabin pressure problems were not solved properly and the maintenance was postponed. This was done illegally and the pilots were not ready for the situation and did not wear oxygen masks on time (Reinhart, 1996). 4. The accident with JFK Jr. flight happened because of two reasons. First, Kennedy was the only pilot in the aircraft and did not access his own skills properly before risky flight. This is a first element of our model. Secondly, the weather was not appropriate for a night flight. The weather was foggy and Kennedy listened to the report, but still decided to make a night flight. It was a wrong decision made

Conclusion and Recommendations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conclusion and Recommendations - Essay Example This essay analyzes that the curriculum must be revised in such a way that less importance is given for punishments and more care is given for personal counseling with those students who drop out from their studies. The U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, has to say that children from a rich financial background often tend to continue their studies, but the worst hit is the poor because they are bound up by their family responsibilities. This essay demonstrates that In a survey conducted to find out the reforms that have been brought out to enhance the drop out children in terms of readmission into schools and colleges, the following thing was seemed to be made 1. Incentive programs- which will strengthen the link between the student’s school life and life out of the campus. This also includes special offers to those students whose behavior stands well in and out the school. 2. The reward system will focus on encouraging students to pay more interest on studies. 3. The school should make academic programs meaning full and bring the students for more participation. And the schools should maintain certain policies to maintain a balance between the student’s life in and out the school. 4. Parents should be informed immediately and if needed they should be asked and informed about their children’s activities. Even a small indifferent action should be informed immediately to the parents. As society pl ays a major role in shaping the character of a child.

Basic Flight Physiology (By Richard O. Reinhart) Essay - 1

Basic Flight Physiology (By Richard O. Reinhart) - Essay Example My mother is afraid of planes and says that in the plane she has claustrophobia. Like the person described by Richard Reinhart, she drinks coffee and smokes cigarettes in order to improve her state. But this is a mistake. Coffee increases mental stress, therefore in order to prevent the stress before the flight it is necessary to have a nice sleep, rest and nice diet (Reinhart, 1996). 2. The decision making process is very essential because it is closely connected with proper flight risk evaluation. Here I would like to analyze the situation that in which the pilot is to decide, if to make a very important flight in not corresponding weather. In order to avoid poor decision made in the state of stress or any other state, it is necessary to use risk-assessment model. The four elements of the suggested model will help to assess the situation and make right decision: All four elements should be accessed and combined to build the whole situation and make the proper decision. The application of an appropriate decision making model can help make a right decision in difficult situation. Poor decisions are the result of wrong situation assessment ((Reinhart, 1996). 3. Payne Stewart flight resulted in a mishap first of all because of poor aircraft maintenance that is the second element of the suggested model. Cabin pressure problems were not solved properly and the maintenance was postponed. This was done illegally and the pilots were not ready for the situation and did not wear oxygen masks on time (Reinhart, 1996). 4. The accident with JFK Jr. flight happened because of two reasons. First, Kennedy was the only pilot in the aircraft and did not access his own skills properly before risky flight. This is a first element of our model. Secondly, the weather was not appropriate for a night flight. The weather was foggy and Kennedy listened to the report, but still decided to make a night flight. It was a wrong decision made

International Relations paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Relations paper - Essay Example The geopolitics is significant in modern international affairs, as it keeps the countries engaged in forming and maintaining strategic relationships with each other and makes even a single country dominate the whole world on the basis of power. The geopolitical influence that is exercised by the United States across different regions of the world remains unchallenged by any country in the world. Being the most powerful and hegemonic country in the world, it has its say in the political and economic landscape of almost every country. Understandably, United States has not achieved this dominance coincidently; rather this happens to be a fruit of continued endeavours of the country to expand its economic, political and military power across the globe. This paper evaluates and elaborates the extent of US geopolitical influence and strategic dominance over the geographically significant regions such as the Middle East, Central Asia and Southeast Asia. The geopolitical objectives of the United States mainly encompass its conventional policies to conserve a significant share of world oil, to ensure a secure supply of energy resources, to dominate its existing and potential competitors, and most importantly to protect the existence of the state of Israel from any regional threats. Most of the US influence across the world signifies the same interests. Whether it is the critical state of regional stability in the Middle East, the pipeline politics in Central Asian Caucasus region, or its strategic influence in the Southeast Asia, the United States tends to play a significant role in shaping the regional and political landscape across the world. As Bromley (2005, p226) clearly illuminates that, "the routeing of pipelines, the policing of shipping lanes and the management of regional influences all depend heavily on US geopolitical commitments." Re-mapping of the Middle East The geopolitical influence in the Middle East allows United States not only to control regional politics, but also renders the oil dependent Western World as subordinate to US imperial objectives. In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the re-mapping of Middle East has remained as one of the very important strategic objectives of the United States Perthes (2004, p85) assets that, "the U.S. administration has embraced the cause of bringing a "new order" to what it calls the Greater Middle East". The post attack invasion of Iraq and the subsequent plans to curtail Iran's nuclear expansion, happen to be a part of this goal. All the US strategies employed in the Middle East's expansion as well as democratisation rests on the objective of fostering a secure region for the state of Israel. Curtailing any threats posed to the existence of Israel by any country in the Middle East and preserving US dominance happen to be on the top of the American strategic targets in the region (Cantori, p102, 200 5) Zanoyan (2003, p108) illuminates that the pre-eminent strategic objective of US presence in Iraq happens to be of the transformation of its regime into a government that is friendly to US plans in the region. In this way, US envisages not only to curtail the roots of terrorism but also to protect Israel from any potential radical Islamic threat. A regime change in Iraq also supports the US objective of strengthening Israel while culminating the ascending Palestinian

Pros and Cons on Money Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons on Money Essay This is a very sad image that has been painted of the human race. Not all people are money grabbing bankers. in fact the majority of people are good-hearted, who are prepared to give away increasingly small small amounts of spare cash to help charities. They are willing to help. You cant blame corporations and bankers for doing what they are supposed to and that is make money and turn a profit. In all exchanges someone is selling a service and someone is buying a service. There is no rule that says you cannot make money from the transaction. What we can do though is to change the environment in which banks operate. For example laws stipulating how much profit can be made, how much of profit needs to go back to society. We can take responibility for our own destinies instead of money leading us by the nose. As we develop technologically, research and development which leads to breakthroughs in all spheres of society cost money. The companies spending that money should surely be entitled to a return on their investment. Without an incentive, there may be fall off in development. So, instead of only a few bastards getting away with doing nothing for money, now we will have everyone doing nothing for money. Sounds great, until you realize that the resources to run that scheme will soon run out and people will be forced to create value by the motivation of fear and coercion, rather than by the desire to better their condition. This is exactly what derailed all socialist states. What would such alternatives be? In the field of Economics, they have tried to measure Gross National Happiness as opposed to GDP and it created even more problems. Only one country in the world has this as an index, due to problems of comparison between individuals happiness levels, measuring happiness and the fact that happiness levels are so easily influenced by personal situations. The lack of any other sensible, comparable and ordinal alternative has meant that money is the only current measuring unit. What does greed got to do with money? Even without money, greed still exists.,wom an,man,love. Well, I doubt that its true though. First let us consider the point that money is of no real value. What about Gold? Gold itself is considered money. Money itself is divided into Fiat money and Commodity money. Even without fiat money(paper money), people will still be able to use commodity money. Something similar to barter trade. Does crime still exist? i bet it will. Much more than it is now if fiat money is not used. What causes poverty itself is not the lack of money. It is the mentality of the people thats saying that i am poor, i wont become rich, i dont need money, money is the root of all evil. These are the mentality that causes poverty. And besides, i think u should clearly understand what all mean,it means nearly everything or everything.So,first of all,theres no doubt that you can not count how many evils are there in this world,that means your 90% is impossible to prove your point;and if you are right,is that also mean you agree withtheres no evil during the time when the money havent been invented?KIDDING! Money can be donated to a good cause. Like it or loathe it, civilized society cannot function without money, therefore it has to stay. Money can also be used to do alot of good also. For example, millions of Britains donate money to various charities each year to help those that are less fortunate. Comic Reilef raises tens of millions of pounds for its causes, therefore money is not all about pursuing it for the individual, many people activley share thier wealth, redistributing it to those that really need it. If money does not exist, barter trade does exist which will also leads to donation if one have an excess of goods and services. Therefore i dont think that the word donate will not occur No, because some evil clearly nothing to do with money There are many roots to acts that would be considered evil I will assume this means actions that harm others or denigrate the self, but the concept of evil itself is by no means straightforward that are nothing to do with money. For instance, a murder might be motivated by anger, a rape by uncontrollable lust, bullying and discrimination by ignorance. You dont need money to commit a crime. You need a big rock or stick to murder someone. You need the other person not to notice to steal something from someone. Crime has been happening before a monetary system. Religion has also led to a lot of destruction since a long time. Not only this even the greatest of problems dont have their root cause as money.The biggest example being Taliban.Why are they attacking people, they are not getting money from it but it is because they want blood, killing of Indians and Americans. This is called racism. So money is not the root cause of all evil. No, because Money is not the root of all evil. The lack of money is the root of all evil. I respect both sides and I understand why many people believe that money is the root of all evil. But I have to disagree. The lack of money is the root of all evil. Back in the history of mankind, before money was invented, we bartered. Money was the result of hardworking process. Bear in mind that criminals are all born in poverty and some of them live in poverty. The fear of lacking money haunts them constantly. It is the fear of not being able to feed themselves and their families that make them commit unthinkable crimes. If money is evil, could you live in a world without money? If greed or desire is evil, have you ever wanted something that is not yours? Any of you ever want an Iphone? Any of you can live without computer, electricity and all of modern comfort? If you think money is the root of all evil, Id like to recommend the Communist Manifesto for you. Marx talked about an utopia society in which people work based on their ability and get rewarded base on their needs. Money would not be necessary. I like to ask those who think money is not necessary to point out a successful communist example. Im from a communist, aka socialist, country. And we are moving toward a capitalistic market. I strongly believe that if you dont work for yourself, nobody will. Money motivates people to work harder, smarter. Would there be light bub if Edison work for just bread and milk only? You might say those riches keep getting richer without giving away their money to the poor. Id like to ask you Why the rich keep getting richer and the poor keep getting poorer? If you find the question somewhat interesting please spend sometimes read the book Rich Dad, Poor Dad. It changed a poor college students way of thinking, I hope it will be helpful too. Money is not the root of all evil. The lack of money is the root of all evil. Money represents positive value It is a great American contribution to world culture, that they have coined the phrase to make money. Money is made, by effort of muscle, willpower, and intelect. There can be no society composed entirely of thieves, as there will be no value to steal. Money represents the confidence of parties that the value of their efforts can be traded for the value of others efforts. It is a recognition of the importance of society based on trade, rather than the only real alternative: violence. To be clear, money contributed to charity is also traded, for the value of achieving a social goal this in contrast to taxes, which are forcefully taken. No, because Money is the end product of what you did Money is the end product of something that you did that you think its enjoyable to you. For example, if someone started invest into a company or firms, it is because of the excitement not because of money. It is the excitement that make people invest and this excitement will leads to the end product, money. Therefore there is no reason to say that money is the root of all evil. Money is just the end product of what you did that excite you No, because Originally, Money was the solution to the problems(/inefficiencies in transactions) arising out of barter exchange system. Read on the history of money. Originally, Money was the solution to the problems(/inefficiencies in transactions) arising out of barter exchange system. Ex: In barter exchange there had to be a double co-incidence of wants. A man selling milk who wanted to buy rice had to find someone selling rice wanting milk. GOOD LORD! Just imagine how time-consuming frustrating. Also, there was a need for a standard to objectively measure the value of all types of goods like cows, milk, foodgrains, clothes, ornaments, etc. Imagine feelings of doubt being cheated arising out of selling 1 kg rice in exchange of 3 litres milk (when later you met someone offering you 4 litres in exchange for the same value)! Moreover, money is the best most liquid store of value has legal tender so you sue someone legally if cheated. Money solved the problem also avoided all the confusion. Money is an indispensable part of our lives. Money has to be earned! The root of evil is people who want the unearned money. Saying MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL is like blaming your tools; its very embarrassing. A similar statement: Computers (or tech) is a curse. Ex: You condemn the car for it lead to a terrible accident you landed up in hospital. So is car the cause of the accident? Or are there other things to consider- like did you repair maintain it regularly? Why did you buy it? Were you drunk? Were you daydreaming while driving? Did another car hit yours? Id say that anyone with minimal level of intelligence should get the gist of it should be in a position to discern the fact that car per se didnt create the problem. In the accident scene, car was the passive factor while the man driving it was an active factor another car hitting it was the causal factor. Money too is a passive factor. How you approach it makes all the difference! Just as how you use Internet Computer decides whether it be a curse or a boon. My smartass opponent may say car was purchased with money- so again money is the root of all evil. Alright then, could you dispense with your car? Could you dispense with anything else having money value? But this is different issue altogether. No, because Money cant be dispensed with see the essence of of what I mean by money anything that is or acts as money i.e. anything that performs the recognized functions of money or serves the recognized purpose of money. Id quote a definition Money is a good that acts as a medium of exchange in transactions. Classically it is said that money acts as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange. Most authors find that the first two are nonessential properties that follow from the third. In fact, other goods are often better than money at being intertemporal stores of value, since most monies degrade in value over time through inflation or the overthrow of governments. Now think can you do without money? Do you wanna go back to the days for barter system? Imagine no banks, no recognized/ standard medium to transact. No, because Theres no such thing as the root of evil! Evil can take different forms types and also has different causes most of them-psychological.

Inherited and Environmental Influences on Development

Inherited and Environmental Influences on Development The environmental and inherited influences on development, also known as, nature and nurture both play key roles in the shaping of developmental processes. Nature refers to inherited or biological traits such as, abilities and capacities that are genetically passed down by ones parents. On the other hand, nurture refers to environmental influences that play a role in shaping our behaviors, such as methods of childrearing and other products of society. Differences in lateralization of the brain between males and females may be ascribed to both genetic differences in the corpus callosum, which is larger in women, and environmental factors; girls usually receive more extensive verbal encouragement than boys do. Both nature and nurture are theorized to be attributing factors that influence and shape development. Developmental Psychologists place strong emphasis on the belief that both nature and nurture are leading causes that influence and shape human behavior and development by either biological factors: nature, or environmental factors: nurture. 1. What are some inherited influences on development? 2. What are some environmental influences on development? 3. What role does socialization play as an environmental influence on development? Psychologists and developmental experts have been able to attribute the behaviors of an individual to particular influences on development that can be separated into two categories: inherited and environmental influences on development. What are some inherited influences on development? It is widely speculated that factors of inherited influence are more important than the environmental factors that affect a childs growth and development. Obviously we know that inherited biological factors do play a great role in shaping human development, this is a widely acknowledged fact. While this is true, one must still not disregard the significance of environmental influences in the early stages of growth and development. Many studies emphasizing the significance of inherited influences are, however, impossible to disregard or ignore. For example, it is almost universally accepted that a child faces biological risks in their mental and physical development when the mother smokes cigarettes during pregnancy. However, many would argue that you cannot directly attribute negative social behaviors to the mother smoking tobacco during pregnancy. According to research presented at the Behavior Genetics Association, there is uncertainty about why there are links between maternal smo king during pregnancy and offspring antisocial behavior. This uncertainty creates room for the argument that environmental influences can be attributed as the factor responsible for these negative behavioral developments. However, many scholars still argue that recent research and data indicates that findings differ for offspring antisocial behavior where the association with prenatal smoking appears to be entirely explained by inherited pathways that are not attributable to maternal antisocial behavior. This argument is strengthened by data presented at the Behavior Genetics Association in 2007, below is a graph of the findings. The research showed an increased rate of antisocial behaviors amongst the offspring of parents who smoked during pregnancy. (Rice, 2007) (PNAS, 2007) What are some environmental influences on development? The environmental impacts on ones behavior can often determine factors that will shape future behaviors. During critical and sensitive periods development can be greatly affected. Critical periods occur when the existence of certain types of environmental stimuli become necessary for development to continue conventionally. It is theorized that development during the critical period is easily influenced, specifically in the area of personality and social development. On the other hand, during sensitive periods the organism becomes particularly vulnerable to certain types of stimuli in their environment. Unlike critical periods, the absence of stimuli in a sensitive period does not always result in immutable consequences. What role does socialization play as an environmental influence on development? Societal influences are believed to play a large role on the environmental impacts of development. The way we have been socialized or conditioned is a response to environmental stimuli. For instance, gender is something socially constructed and society places expectations on individuals according to their gender, which will determine the roles they will later fulfill in society. A publication from U.C. Santa Cruz states the following of gender acquisition and the societal influences that are perpetuated around them. Gender stereotypes in infants are perpetuated by societys expectations and perceptions. Societal influences, preconceived notions and expectations enforce already existing gender stereotypesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the study of forty-eight children, their mothers, and 16 college students, gender based stereotypes influenced interaction with infants which in turn socialized the infants to conform to their respective gender role. Ratings of the female infants centered on their small size and beauty. Male infants are judged usually according to their ability and intelligence. While evidence of gender stereotyping in infant ratings are becoming less dominant after adolescence, sex stereotyping in adults behavior towards infants has changed little. Obviously, society shapes the gender stereotypes that both children and adults hold. (Rivera, 1996) Research by psychologists over the last several decades has increasingly pointed to hereditary factors being more important, especially for basic personality traits such as emotional tone.   However, the acquisition of values, beliefs, and expectations seem to be due more to socialization and unique experiences, especially during childhood. (Oneil, 2006) Most psychologists and developmental specialists agree upon the fact that influences from both inherited and environmental elements are equally important to the construction of growth and development. However, certain behaviors and growth patterns are believed to result from greater attributes of environmental and inherited influences. Theoretical Perspectives Examining the Development of Children With (ADHD) Trends have shown that the amount of children in the United States diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, additionally known as (ADHD) over time has steadily increased among young children and adolescent youth. The exponential surge in diagnosis of ADHD has increased the amount of prescription drugs used to treat individuals. Issues surrounding these developments pose a multitude of questions that include: 1. How are applications of the theoretical perspectives of development examined to help understand disorders such as ADHD? 2. What are the associated risk factors of medications used to treat ADHD in children? The increasingly steady number of children being diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the U.S has resulted in an array of developmental obstacles; the actual number of children diagnosed with ADHD remains unknown, as does the amount of those children that are being treated with prescription medications. How are Applications of the theoretical perspectives of development examined to help understand disorders such as ADHD? Theoretical perspectives that lifespan Developmentalists examine as they identify the different patterns of growth, change, and behavioral stability that take place in the duration of the entire lifespan help bring further understanding to behaviors and the possibly of treating undesired behaviors. Among these theoretical perspectives include, learning, language, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development. All of these perspectives can be applied to assist the understanding of behaviors including the behaviors of children with ADHD. A commonly used behavioral method for the treatment of ADHD is the approach of cognitive behavioral therapy. A definition for cognitive behavioral therapy has been provided by, the Mayo Clinic. With cognitive behavioral therapy, you work with a mental health counselor (psychotherapist) in a structured way, attending a limited number of sessions. By helping you become aware of inaccurate or negative thinking, cognitive behavioral therapy allows you to view challenging situations more clearly and respond to them in a more effective way (Mayo Clinic Staff). What are the associated risk factors of medications used to treat ADHD in children? An in depth analysis addressing the associated risks of prescription medications used to treat ADHD in children must be taken into strong consideration before any decisions are made to place that child on such medications. The most commonly prescribed drugs to both children and adults for the treatment of ADHD are stimulants. A publication from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concluded the following of children undergoing treatment for ADHD: NSCH does not assess use of ADHD treatments other than medicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦thus, the number of children with reported ADHD diagnoses who received other types of treatments is not known. Studies indicate that the use of stimulants, prescribed to treat ADHD can lead to harmful side-affects. Not to mention the risk of becoming reliant upon, or even addicted to prescription stimulants. (Kennedy, 2005) Distinctions Separating Self-Concept and Self-Esteem The image that an individual perceives him or herself as is believed to greatly influence the social and cognitive development of that individual. The establishment of self-concept and self-esteem are two greatly influential aspects of a childs development. Environmental and inherited influences are theorized to have affect on the development of self-concept. Promotion of social development by parents or caregivers may substantially increase the likelihood of a child developing a positive self-esteem depending on variables such as nature and nurture of the situation. 1. What differences separate self-concept from self-esteem? 2. What are the theoretical perspectives on self-concept and self-esteem? 3. How can caregivers facilitate childrens development in these areas? The development of the self in early and middle childhood encompasses the growth of independent ideas and goals, which veer from expectations of the primary role models, the process where developments of social comparisons are made reflects ones self-concept, however, self-esteem refers to the way an individual perceives themselves through self evaluation; both are vital to social development and can be positively or negatively influenced by caregivers. What differences separate self-concept from self-esteem? The term self-concept refers to the perception regarding what one is like as an individual, and that individuals identity. The self-concept allows individuals to identify with specific characteristics of the self that allow them to differ from other individuals. For instance, a response to a question exemplifying ones individual strengths reflects ones self-concept, or identity. The development of self-concept is primarily used to reflect strengths perceived by an individual about his or her self that are used to provide meaning to their actions and purpose in life. In children, self-concepts may not be accurate; an individuals self-concept changes throughout life, this is dependant upon changes in a cultures views regarding others outside of their own, changes involving state institutions, and products of other societal and environmental influences. According to research found by William W. Purkry, author of: An Overview of Self-Concept Theory for Counselors. Highlights: An ERIC/CAP S Digest: Self-concept is learned. As far as we know, no one is born with a self-concept. It gradually emerges in the early months of life and is shaped and reshaped through repeated perceived experiences, particularly with significant others. (Purkey, 1988) The term self-esteem refers to an individuals overall and distinct positive and negative self-evaluation. Many important developments on an individuals self-esteem transpire during middle childhood. Throughout this phase, children experience the maturation of Internal standards. Which is often times the reason that children progressively compare themselves to others. For the majority of children, self-esteem increases as the transition from early childhood to middle childhood takes place. Feelings of inadequacy that relate to an individuals capacity to do most things takes place when that individuals self-esteem is negative. What are the theoretical perspectives on self-concept and self-esteem? There are a multitude of theoretical perspectives that give possible explanation to functions of self-concept and self-esteem. The Educational Resources Information center (ERIC) provides a publication of An Overview of Self-Concept Theory for Counselors, which identifies some of the influential theorists that have contributed to theories of self-concept. By far the most influential and eloquent voice in self-concept theory was that of Carl Rogers (1947) who introduced an entire system of helping built around the importance of the self. In Rogers view, the self is the central ingredient in human personality and personal adjustment. Rogers described the self as a social product, developing out of interpersonal relationships and striving for consistency. He maintained that there is a basic human need for positive regard both from others and from oneself. He also believed that in every person there is a tendency towards self-actualization and development so long as this is permitted and encouraged by an inviting environment. (p. 2) Some of the other theoretical perspectives of self-concept and self-esteem in development include: Piagets stages of cognitive development, Erik Eriksons psychosocial development, Carl Rogers conception of self, Vygotskys approach to cognitive development, Lawrence Kohlbergs development of social learning and moral reasoning, and Abraham Maslows theories on personality. Humanistic psychologist, Carl Rogers theorized that the self was divided into two parts, the real self and the ideal self. An article written by Herb Stevenson for Natural Passages, states the flowing of the ideal self vs. the real self. The ideal self is some fantasy that we carry around as a measure of what we might be if the fairy god mother ever shows up. Often, this is a picture of life, our life, that we have changed very little since childhood. By taking the time to really examine the depth of the ideal self, we see indirectly how we have judged or dismissed whom we are. The real self is a comparison to that ideal self. It is a description of who am I, really, right now. By comparing the ideal with the real, we begin to see the gaps in perception we have created, the judgments we have made about ourselves, and the gaps that could be preventing us from fully living our lives in the moment as the person that we truly are. (para. 3) The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill defines the concept of representational mapping as the following: Representational mapping can be described as the self-descriptions that are logical connections among components that can be made primarily concrete, overly positive, and all or nothing. They contain concrete and abstract components, more realistic (but still always positive: above average effect) shades of grey (Steps in self development). How can caregivers facilitate childrens development in these areas? The importance of promoting the development of a healthy self-esteem in children is an environmental influence on behavior that is greatly affected by parenting techniques. Parents and caregivers can facilitate childrens development in the areas of self-concept and self-esteem through childrearing styles. The most effective way to do so is through the implementation of authoritative childrearing techniques. Authoritative parents have the perfect balance of emotional support, warm and loving qualities; yet, they set clear boundaries for behavior. Certain techniques of parenting have proven to result in negative effects on a childs self-esteem. For instance, Authoritarian parents are extremely controlling and there word is the law, there is no toleration for expression of disagreement. Authoritarian parents enforce strict methods of discipline and punishment that negatively reinforce behaviors of that child, which is likely to result in an increase of the unwanted behaviors occurring a gain under the same circumstances. The use of positive and negative reinforcers when applied properly has been a proven method of modifying behaviors. The U.K. site Kids Behaviour provides useful information on how to properly apply positive and negative reinforcement to promote desired behavioral responses (Morrisey, 2008). Applying the childrearing approaches of reinforcement to daily activities can facilitate the development of both a positive self-esteem and self-concept. In the 2009 publication, Anderson, Hughes, and Fuemmeler addressed some of the specific issues that surround parental attitudes and child activity. The objective of this study examined the parental attitudes on children based on the particular types and levels of intensity in physical activity that children engaged in, which could give explanation to the gender differences associated with these activities, in addition to the evaluation of physical engagement serving as a mechanism to shorten time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors. A design of a community sample with participants, which included, 681 parents and 433 children of the mean age of 9.9 years conveyed the importance of activities such as moderate to vigorous intensity levels in the areas of team an individual activities including, sports, physical activity and household chores. (p. 428) As Anderson et al. (2009) conducted their evaluations separate structural models were used to determine factors that differed between boys and girls in relation to parental attitudes and physical activity. Separate structural models (LISREL 8.7) for girls and boys tested whether parental attitudes were related to child TV and computer via child attitudes, sport team participation, and physical activity, controlling for demographic factors. Main Outcome Measures: Child 7-day physical activity, sport teams, weekly TV, computer. Results: Parent- child attitude congruence was more prevalent among boys, and attitudes varied by ethnicity, parent education, and number of children. Positive parent- child attitudes for vigorous team sports were related to increased team participation and physical activity, as well as reduced TV and computer in boys and girls. Value of moderate intensity household chores, such as cleaning house and doing laundry, was related to decreased team participation and increased TV in boys. Only organized team sports, not general physical activity, was related to reduced TV and computer. Conclusion: Results support parents role in socializing childrens achievement task v alues, affecting child activity by transferring specific attitudes. Value of vigorous intensity sports provided the most benefits to activity and reduction of sedentary behavior, while valuing household chores had unexpected negative effects. (p. 428) Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents and the Associated Risks The adolescent years are characterized by the development of ones personal sense of identity. During this phase a transition from middle childhood to early adulthood takes place. In these years, young adults entering puberty explore an array of sexual behaviors that will play a role in shaping their sexual identities. With the exploration of such sexual behaviors follows the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy. 1. What associated risks are involved with sexual behaviors in adolescents? 2. What are the statistics of sexually transmitted diseases among teens? 3. What are the statistics of pregnancies among teens? As middle-childhood transitions into the adolescent years an array of physical, cognitive and social changes take place, these are main contributors to the sexual behaviors explored individuals in their adolescent years, however, there are associated risks with connected with these sexual behaviors that include, contraction of sexually transmitted diseases and teen pregnancy. What associated risks are involved with sexual behaviors in adolescents? The exploration of newly discovered sexual desires among adolescents come with repercussions. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common among teens. Another primary concern that surrounds the engagement of sexual activity in teens is the possibility of becoming pregnant. Precautionary measures to ensure safety when acting upon sexual urges and needs must be taken into consideration before any sexual contact is to occur. The enforcement of sex-ed in many public schools throughout the U.S decreases the chances of individuals acting upon sexual desires without first examining the risks, and increases likeliness of the use of condoms and other contraceptives. What are the statistics of sexually transmitted diseases among U.S. teens? One of the largest concerns surrounding the sexual voyages of adolescents is the threat of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Prepared by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, The Executive Summary, part of the Workshop Summary: Scientific Evidence on Condom Effectiveness for Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prevention states that: Recently, a number of Federal agencies sponsored a workshop to answer the following question: What is the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of latex male condom-use to prevent STD transmission during vaginal intercourse? This workshop was attended by 180 persons, and the data from numerous peer-reviewed published studies were discussed. Following the workshop, a panel of 28 experts worked to develop this report. (p. 1) In the United States, more than 65 million individuals are living with an STD, the majority of which are incurable viral infections. Approximately 15 million new sexually transmitted infections occur annually in the U.S. In the United States, approximately 493,000 individuals have died from AIDS, and 800,000-900,000 peopleare living with HIV disease. (p. 1) AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) is one of the primary causes of death among youth. AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease that is induced by the HIV virus. There is no known cure for the disease. A basic list of facts regarding the contraction of the HIV virus was provided by, the Palo Alto Medical Foundation. HIV can be passed from person to person if someone with HIV infection has sex with or shares drug injection needles with another person. It also can be passed from a mother to her baby when she is pregnant, when she delivers the baby, or if she breast-feeds her baby. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is found in blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. HIV is spread most often by having sex without using a condom, or by sharing needles. People can be infected with HIV without knowing it. An HIV test is the only way to know for sure. There are treatments that help people with HIV stay healthier, but there is still no cure. Choosing not to have sex and never sharing needles are good ways to protect yourself. Practicing safer sex means always using a new condom with a water-based lubricant. You cannot get HIV from shaking hands, water fountains, bathrooms or eating utensils. (Alto, 2010) In 2009, 46% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse, and 14% of high school students had had four or more sex partners during their life.1 In 2009, 34% of currently sexually active high school students did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse.1 In 2002, 11% of males and females aged 15-19 had engaged in anal sex with someone of the opposite sex; 3% of males aged 15-19 had had anal sex with a male.2 In 2002, 55% of males and 54% of females aged 15-19 had engaged in oral sex with someone of the opposite sex.2 In 2006, an estimated 5,259 young people aged 13-24 in the 33 states reporting to CDC were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, representing about 14% of the persons diagnosed that year.3 Each year, there are approximately 19 million new STD infections, and almost half of them are among youth aged 15 to 24.4 In 2002, 12% of all pregnancies, or 757,000, occurred among adolescents aged 15-19.5 (Rowe, 2010) What are the pregnancies statistics among U.S. teens? An epidemic surrounding teenage pregnancy has emerged in America; every day in the U.S. a high volume of adolescents give birth. The statistics of teen pregnancy seem to appear much lower in other industrialized nations. Teens in the U.S. are likely to use birth control. The narrow-mindedness that surrounds the practice of premarital sex in the U.S. can be rooted to a lack of sex education. According to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, teen pregnancy among girls between the ages of 15-19 have shown trends that have decreased by 37 percent between 1988 and 2005. However, the teen pregnancy rate between 2005 and 2006 increased 3 percent. Proper sex education has proven to be one of the most effective measures of reducing the risks among youth of contracting STDs and teenage pregnancy. Promoting proper awareness through sex education provides individuals with the information needed to practice the measures of safe sex (Henshaw, 2010). Life Expectancy Calculations According to the calculations provided by MSNs life expectancy calculator, my approximate life expectancy is 86 years of age. The positive and negative factors of my lifestyle were examined. (Msn, 2011) 1. What lifestyle modifications can be made to increase my longevity? 2. Who are the youngest and oldest people you have known, and what lifestyle choices attributed to their longevity? A variety of important developmental components of physical and mental health are main attributers to the longevity of ones lifespan, some of these factors depend on levels of stress, personality type, engagement in physical activity, in addition to, a variety of behavioral and genetic predispositions that are theorized to influence the human lifespan. What lifestyle modifications can be made to increase my longevity? Stress has a large impact on health factors that include, personality type. Type A personalities are believed to be more prone to the disposition of heart disease. Listed below are some of the personality traits of type A and type B personalities, provided by the website changingminds.org, which provides further information in regard to these associated health issues. The Type A personality generally lives at a higher stress level. This is driven by They enjoy achievement of goals, with greater enjoyment in achieving of more difficult goals. They are thus constantly working hard to achieve these. They find it difficult to stop, even when they have achieved goals. They feel the pressure of time, constantly working flat out. They are highly competitive and will, if necessary create competition. They hate failure and will work hard to avoid it. They are generally pretty fit and often well-educated (a result of their anxiety). The Type B personality generally lives at a lower stress level and are typically: They work steadily, enjoying achievements but not becoming stressed when they are not achieved. When faced with competition, they do not mind losing and either enjoy the game or back down. They may be creative and enjoy exploring ideas and concepts. They are often reflective, thinking about the outer and inner worlds (Type A and type B). Unfortunately I carry more characteristics of the type A personality, which predisposes me to such health complications later in life that are associated with type A personalities. Although, I cannot change my entire personality, there are, however, certain behavioral modification techniques I can apply to everyday life to reduce specific stressors. I carry certain tendencies that border obsessive-compulsive behaviors, which is a common characteristic of type A personalities. These obsessive behaviors are stressors that can be controlled through behavior modification techniques, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Who are the youngest and oldest people you have known, and what lifestyle choices attributed to their longevity? The longest living individual I have known personally would have to be my great-grandmother on my fathers side who lived to the age of 87, which is close to the approximation of my life according to the lifespan calculator. She was always a physically active individual that enjoyed the simplicities in life. Her laidback attitude leads me to say that she had a type B personality. The youngest person in my life that has died was caused by something that could have been prevented. I was a small child at the time, but twenty-eight year old Mark, my fathers closest friend suffered from an addiction to heroin that engulfed his entire existence. His addiction caused him to contract the HIV virus, which soon after turned into full-blown AIDS that facilitated the slow deterioration leading to his death less than two years after contracting the virus. It is unknown whether he contracted the virus through sharing of needles, or having unprotected sex. Thee use of hard narcotics such as heroin would have eventually lead to death if measures were not taken to control the addiction. However, the lifestyles often associated with drug addicts follow a set of lifestyle influences put forth by peers. Addicts often associated with addicts and share things like needles and engage in unprotected sex, which is an unfortunate cause of death affecting many individuals that suffer f rom such disorders as drug addiction.

Fire Safety Essay -- essays research papers

Fire Safety Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a recent fire at Seton Hall University in South Orange, NJ killed three students who did not respond to what they thought was a false alarm, officials at Oswego State University are being especially careful when it comes to the issue of fire safety. This semester there is a new policy regarding the confiscation of items considered being hazardous. The policy states that any items that are found and have the potential to cause a fire, such as candles, incense, and certain appliances like microwaves, and sandwich makers, will be confiscated and not returned to the students they were taken from. Under the old policy students were able to get the items back at the end of the year. Around 200 candles were taken from students in Onondaga Hall alone last year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Oswego Fire Department, the dorms are built compartmentalized, which means that if the door to a room in which there is a fire is shut, the fire will be somewhat contained. This procedure will help the fire from spreading rapidly. The doors to all rooms are fire resistant. Although these safety features help increase students' chances of survival in the case of a tragedy, they cannot be relied on as the only life-saving precaution. In order to guarantee everyone's safety, students need to be aware of their own roles in regard to fire safety regulations. Smoking, possession of candles, and incense are serious causes of fires and students need to obey the rules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another hazardous practice that most students living in dorm rooms need to pay attention for is plugging several cords into one multi-outlet that allows several cords to be plugged into at once. Modifying this practice will heavily decrease the chances of a fire occurring as a result.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the event of a real fire, the most important thing students can do is to keep the exit doors to stairways and escape routes closed. Although many students believe that keeping the doors open will help others escape, is the worst thing they can do, because it helps the fire spread where if you close the fire-resistant door will help contain it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1998 there five occurrences in which a student pulled the fire alarm as a prank. Students should turn in anyone who, to their knowl... ... using a fire extinguisher. When the alarm is sounded students should put shoes and appropriate clothing and evacuate the building. Then close all windows, check room door, if it is hot call #5555 and tell public safety that you are trapped and cannot leave your room. Another main point is to not use the elevators. Vacate the building using the safest route. Then remain outside until told otherwise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I understand that I broke the law and broke the Oswego laws of fire safety and I could have been punished much more severe, and I appreciate your lenience towards my actions. When I talked to Mr. Henderson he told me that the rules are in my student handbook and I should read them. So, indeed I did and learned the laws of fire safety. I have learned the laws and how important they are and I will abide and go along with the rules and regulations of Oswego. I have learned my lesson of fire safety and have come to realize how important it is to follow rules with a school the size of Oswego. I have learned my lesson and will do my best to set an example for my fellow students. I am giving my final apology and thank you for guiding me in the right direction.